Heat olive oil in a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat until it shimmers and begins to smell fragrant.
Add chopped onions, diced carrots, and chopped celery to the pot. Cook, stirring occasionally, until the vegetables soften and release a sweet aroma, about 8 minutes.
Stir in minced garlic and cook for another 30 seconds until fragrant, being careful not to burn it.
Pour in the chicken stock and bring the mixture to a gentle simmer, allowing the flavors to meld for about 10 minutes.
Add the shredded cooked chicken, small pasta, and bay leaf to the simmering broth. Stir well and cook until the pasta is al dente, approximately 10 minutes.
Remove the bay leaf, then stir in lemon juice, chopped parsley, and thyme. Taste and adjust seasoning with salt and pepper as needed.
Serve the soup hot, garnished with extra fresh herbs if desired, and enjoy the comforting aroma and vibrant flavors.