Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil, then add the pasta and cook until just al dente, about 8-10 minutes. Reserve a cup of pasta water, then drain and set aside.
While the pasta cooks, heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat until shimmering and fragrant. Add the sliced garlic and cook for about 30 seconds until fragrant and golden, giving the oil a fragrant, nutty aroma.
Add the shrimp to the skillet in a single layer. Season lightly with salt and pepper, then cook undisturbed for about 2 minutes until edges turn pink and slightly golden. Flip the shrimp and cook for another 1-2 minutes until fully pink and juicy, with a slight jiggle in the center.
Squeeze the fresh lemon juice over the shrimp and swirl the pan to coat. Immediately add the drained pasta into the skillet, tossing gently with tongs to coat the noodles in the fragrant oil and lemon, ensuring everything is evenly coated.
If the mixture seems dry, add a splash of the reserved pasta water to loosen the sauce and help the oil cling to the noodles. Cook everything together for another 1-2 minutes until glossy and fragrant.
Taste and adjust the seasoning with more salt, pepper, or lemon juice if needed. Transfer to a serving dish, sprinkle with chopped herbs, and serve immediately while hot.